• br Dual role of autophagy in

  2023-01-09

  

  Dual role of autophagy in human diseases Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in several human diseases, such as CNS diseases (Rubinsztein et al., 2015), arteriosclerosis (Schrijvers et al., 2011) and cancer (Ozpolat and Benbrook, 2015). Likewise, currently the

• Stroke also known as a cerebrovascular accident or

  2023-01-09

  

  Stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident or Nemonapride attack, is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide (Haley et al., 2017; Hankey, 2017; Lie et al., 2017). According to the data released by the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke occurs every 5 s worldwide (WHO,

• Crohn s disease an inflammatory bowel disease that affects

  2023-01-09

  

  Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by a polymorphism in ULK1 autophagy gene due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, the autophagic process is impaired during the disease. The mutations in the leuc

• The following are the supplementary data

  2023-01-09

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Competing interest Ethics approval and consent to participate Authors' contributions Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. D. R. Kaplan for kind advice and materials derived from NB primary cell lines, Dr. F. D. Miller f

• Piperlongumine NOS is classified into three isoforms endothe

  2023-01-09

  

  NOS is classified into three isoforms: endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS), iNOS is expressed in macrophages (Eisenstein, Huang, Meissler Jr, & al-Ramadi, 1994) and osteoblast-like cells (Riancho et al., 1995) and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions (Eisenst

• It is now thought that tight binding

  2023-01-09

  

  It is now thought that tight binding of HMGB to condensed chromatin may not be restricted to apoptotic cells. That HMGB proteins might actually be involved in the organization and/or maintenance of heterochromatic regions is suggested by the results of experiments analyzing the stable binding of the

• In addition unconventional mechanisms of internalization

  2023-01-09

  

  In addition, unconventional mechanisms of internalization cannot be ignored. It is generally believed that the conventional homologous internalization of a GPCR depends on the activation of G proteins, since GRK activation requires the pre-activation of G proteins (Fig. 2). Feng et al. demonstrated

• br Animal models of NAFLD

  2023-01-09

  

  Animal models of NAFLD Human research has greatly shaped our understanding of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but several limitations exist in studying the disease processes in humans, such as variations in environmental exposure, pre-existing genetic risk factors, racial and ethnic difference

• scr 11 Introduction A defining feature of cancer cells

  2023-01-09

  

  Introduction A defining feature of cancer cells is disruption of the normal controls of the cell cycle; a tumor suppressor or inhibitor may act by restricting progression of the cell cycle. P27 (also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, P27, or Kip1) is a putative cell-cycle inhibitor pro

• Besides its multiple peripheral effects adiponectin may amel

  2023-01-09

  

  Besides its multiple peripheral effects adiponectin may ameliorate insulin resistance by acting in the brain, and intracerebroventricular administration of adiponectin in rodents decreases body weight by stimulating energy expenditure [13]. Adiponectin most likely crosses the blood-CSF-barrier (BCB)

• The present study showed for the

  2023-01-09

  

  The present study showed, for the first time, that hirsutine, hirsuteine, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, and isocorynoxeine in yokukansan can inhibit the 5-HT3 receptor current. These data indicate that part of the effect of yokukansan against the behavioral and psychological symp

• In order to get a better

  2023-01-09

  

  In order to get a better understanding of this synergy, we tested the effect of preliminary incubation of Verteporfin with non-stimulating concentrations of gonadotropins or FSK before subsequent stimulation by FSK or gonadotropins alone, also at sub-stimulating concentrations. We observed that huma

• There has been growing interest over

  2023-01-05

  

  There has been growing interest over computational methods to predict the biological activity by chemical structure, so as to decide whether it BPTES sale has objective qualities or not. In this contribution, the well-known method, which is called quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR)

• br Introduction In addition to ATP production

  2023-01-05

  

  Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric STF-118804 synthesis cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites that stim

• NO is an important mediator for maintaining bone integrity s

  2023-01-05

  

  NO is an important mediator for maintaining bone integrity since it plays a role in the bone remodeling process. It was shown that mechanical strain and shear stress induce NO synthesis in osteoblasts and osteocytes (van't Hof & Stuart, 2001). It was reported that mechanical loading influences its a

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